Category: Addiction

  • Test: withdrawal symptoms

    Answer these questions to assess the level of your nicotine withdrawal symptoms.

    Please indicate if you agree with each of these statements:

  • Test your level of addiction to cigarettes

    Test your level of addiction to cigarettes

    Answer these 5 questions to assess your level of addiction to cigarettes:

    Please rate your addiction to cigarettes on a scale of 0–1000 = I am NOT addicted to cigarettes at all
    100 = I am extremely addicted to cigarettes

    Addiction:
    0–20 = 1 point
    21–40 = 2 points
    41–60 = 3 points
    61–80 = 4 points
    81–100 = 5 points
    On average, how many cigarettes do you smoke per day? Cigarette/day :
    0–5 = 1 point
    6–10 = 2 points
    11–20 = 3 points
    21–29 = 4 points
    30+ = 5 points
    Usually, how soon after waking up do you smoke your first cigarette? Minutes :
    0-5 = 5 points
    6–15 = 4 points
    16–30 = 3 points
    31–60 = 2 points
    61+ = 1 point
    For you, quitting smoking for good would be: Impossible = 5 points
    Very difficult = 4 points
    Fairly difficult = 3 points
    Fairly easy = 2 points
    Very easy = 1 point
    After a few hours without smoking, I feel an irresistible urge to smoke Totally disagree = 1 point
    Somewhat disagree =2 points
    Neither agree nor disagree = 3 points
    Somewhat agree = 4 points
    Fully agree = 5 points

    Now add your points (maximum=25)

    Interpretation :

    5-10 points: Low level of addiction

    11-15 points: Moderate level of addiction

    16-20 points: Strong level of addiction

    21-25 points: Very strong level of addiction

    Our previous research found that a value of 16 or above indicates that your are strongly addicted to cigarettes.(a)

    This questionnaire is called the Cigarette Dependence Scale (CDS-5), it is a well-validated measure of dependence.(b)


    References:

    a) Etter JF, Comparing the validity of the Cigarette Dependence Scale and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Volume 95, Issues 1–2, 2008, Pages 152-159, ISSN 0376-8716, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.01.017.

    b) Etter, JF., Le Houezec, J. & Perneger, T. A Self-Administered Questionnaire to Measure Dependence on Cigarettes: The Cigarette Dependence Scale. Neuropsychopharmacology 28, 359–370 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1300030


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  • Questionnaire : how much nicotine do you need?

    Questionnaire : how much nicotine do you need?

    Answer these 5 questions to assess how much nicotine you consume as a smoker (or consumed when you smoked). We will then use this information to calculate the optimal nicotine concentration in your e-liquids, your nicotine medications (patch, gum, tablet, inhaler), or your nicotine pouch. Our statistics show that these 5 questions provide twice as accurate an estimate of your nicotine need as using only the number of cigarettes smoked per day.

    1- How many cigarettes do (did) you usually smoke(d) per day?

    • 1-5 cig./day = 1 point
    • 6-10 cig./day = 2 points
    • 11-15 cig./day= 3 points
    • 16-20 cig./day= 4 points
    • 21+ cig./day = 5 points

    2- Usually, how long after waking up do (did) you smoke your first cigarette of the day?

    • 0-5 minutes = 5 points
    • 6-15 minutes = 4 points
    • 16-30 minutes = 3 points
    • 31-60 minutes = 2 points
    • Over 1 hour = 1 point

    3- On a scale of 0 to 100, indicate how heavily you smoke(d):

    • 0 = 0 point
    • 1-20 = 1 point
    • 21-40 = 2 points
    • 41-60 = 3 points
    • 61-80 = 4 points
    • 81-100 = 5 points

    4- On a scale of 0 to 10, how much smoke do you inhale each day (or inhaled when you smoked)? This amount depends on the number of cigarettes you smoke, how deeply you inhale, and the number of puffs.
    0: I do not inhale any smoke.
    10: I smoke so much that even if I tried, I could

    not inhale any more smoke.

    • 0 = 0 point
    • 1-2 = 1 point
    • 3-4 = 2 points
    • 5-6 = 3 points
    • 7-8 = 4 points
    • 9-10 = 5 points

    5- Indicate the number of milligrams of nicotine listed on your cigarette packet:

    • 0.1-0.5 mg = 1 point
    • 0.6-0.7 mg = 2 points
    • 0.8 mg = 3 points
    • 0.9 mg = 4 points
    • 1.0 mg or more = 5 points

    Now, add up and calculate your total number of points (maximum = 25 points)

    Data from our studies indicate that if your total is:

    • 0-4 points, you aborb between 0 and 7 mg of nicotine per day (mean = 3.4 mg / day)
    • 5-9 points, you aborb between 7 and 14 mg of nicotine per day (mean = 10 mg / day)
    • 10-14 points, you aborb between 14 and 21 mg of nicotine per day (mean = 17 mg / day)
    • 15-19 points, you aborb between 21 and 28 mg of nicotine per day (mean = 24 mg / day)
    • 20-25 points, you aborb over 30 mg of nicotine per day.

    After you stop smoking, you must continue to absorb the same amount of nicotine in order to avoid withdrawal symptoms and not start smoking again because you cannot tolerate these symptoms. Consume enough nicotine from e-cigarettes or from nicotine medications or nicotine pouches for at least 3 months after quitting smoking.

    Dosage for nicotine medications

    Nicotine replacement medications release approximately 70% of the nicotine they contain. For example, a patch containing 21 mg of nicotine releases approximately 15 mg of nicotine.

    Use this factor (x0.7) to calculate the optimal dose of your nicotine medication. For example, if you scored 12 points on our questionnaire, you need 17 mg of nicotine per day, and a 21 mg patch plus two 2 mg gums should provide you with the necessary dose.

    Dosage for nicotine pouches

    Use the same rule (x0.7) as for nicotine medications.

    Dosage for e-cigarettes

    For e-cigarettes, the amount of nicotine aborbed by the user depends on many factors, in addition to the nicotine concentration in the e-liquid:

    • the other characteristics of the e-liquid (flavor, nicotine salt or freebase nicotine),
    • the characteristics of the device (battery, coil, wick)
    • your own level of nicotine addiction, your personal way on inhaling (number and depth of puffs), your social environment (whereas you are around smokers and vapers).

    Nevertheless, our previous studies conducted among former smokers who successfully quit smoking using e-cigarettes, and who responded to the above questionnaire offer some insights.

    Vapers who obtained :

    • 0-4 points used e-liquids containing 10 mg / mL
    • 5-9 points used e-liquids containing 10-12 mg / mL
    • 10-14 points used e-liquids containing 12 mg / mL
    • 15-19 points used e-liquids containing 16 mg / mL
    • 20-25 points used e-liquids containing 18 mg / mL

    Use these results as a guide to choose your e-liquid, and do not underdose your e-liquids, because if you do, you risk unnecessarily:

    • using too much liquid
    • exposing your lungs to too much vapour
    • spending too much money on e-liquids
    • experiencing nicotine withdrawal symptoms and running the risk of relapsing into smoking.

    There is no risk of nicotine overdose in regular smokers, as they can tell when they are consuming too much nicotine (specific taste in the mouth, sensation similar to that felt when you have smoked too much).

    4 important points to remember

    • To successfully quit smoking and avoid nicotine withdrawal symptoms, you need a sufficient amount of nicotine. Do not underdose your nicotine products.
    • You need a sufficient concentration of nicotine in your e-liquids (at least 10 mg/mL). Do not listen to retailers who insist that you buy 3 mg/mL liquids, they do this because they want to sell you more liquid.
    • Purchase your electronic cigarettes and e-liquids from a specialist shop rather than a kiosk or online, as the sales staff in these shops can advise you and allow you to try and taste different products until you find the one that best suits your needs.
    • The advice provided here does not replace that of a doctor or psychologist specialising in the treatment of nicotine addiction.

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  • Nicotine withdrawal symptoms

    🚭What happens when you stop smoking?

    When you stop smoking, your body no longer gets its dose of nicotine, and it’s normal to feel uncomfortable. Here are the withdrawal symptoms you may experience:

    • A very strong urge to smoke (craving)
    • Being in a bad mood :
      – sad or depressed,
      – angry, irritated,
      – impatient or agitated.
    • Anxious or nervous, rapid mood swings.
    • Poor sleep (insomnia).
    • Difficulty concentrating.
    • Increased hunger and weight gain.
    • But quitting smoking also brings about a rapid improvement in smell and taste.

    ⏳ How long does it last?

    These symptoms are most intense during the first few hours and days after your last cigarette. After the first few days, these feelings diminish significantly, but be aware that some signs may last longer:

    • The urge to smoke may return at times for several months. This is normal, but it will pass.
    • Some people feel sad or depressed for a long time. Talk to your doctor if this is the case for you.
    • Weight gain may be permanent.

    💊What can you do ?

    • to attenuate these withdrawal symptoms, you can use nicotine medications (patch, gum, tablet, inhaler)
    • or you can use another nicotine source that does not burn tobacco, such as an e-cigarette or a nicotine pouch.
    • cravings last just a few minutes, so just wait 5 minutes and it will pass

    📆Change in symptom intensity over the course of a year

    The graph below, taken from one of the author’s scientific publications, shows how the intensity of withdrawal symptoms changes during the first year after quitting smoking. The most striking feature is that appetite and weight gain increase, while the intensity of all other symptoms decreases over time. The symptom that decreases most rapidly in intensity is craving, i.e. the strong urge to smoke. The intensity of all symptoms changes most rapidly during the first 30 days after quitting smoking. AFter about 6 months, symptoms remain stable.

    References:

    Jean-François Etter, A Self-Administered Questionnaire to Measure Cigarette Withdrawal Symptoms: The Cigarette Withdrawal Scale, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Volume 7, Issue 1, February 2005, Pages 47–57, https://doi.org/10.1080/14622200412331328501

    Etter JF, Hughes J. A comparison of the psychometric properties of three cigarette withdrawal scales. Addiction, 2006,101,262-372.


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